Exactly 100 years ago, in 1925, there was a legendary scientific argument between two of the most brilliant physicists of all time, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr.
Bohr had already received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his groundbreaking work on atomic structure and quantum theory. He believed the universe worked on probabilities, not certainties. In his view, nature didn’t follow a single, rigid script but more like a game of chance. This didn’t necessarily mean there was no God, but it did mean that God wasn’t micromanaging everything.
Einstein, on the other hand, was deeply uncomfortable with this. A deeply spiritual man, Einstein believed in a universe of order and predictability. His theory of General Relativity, which explained how gravity works on a cosmic scale, is still one of the greatest achievements in science. He received the Nobel Prize in 1921, not for relativity, but for explaining the photoelectric effect, which ironically supported the foundation of quantum physics (the theory of uncertainty that he didn’t like).
Still, Einstein resisted the randomness of quantum mechanics. He thought something is wrong in uncertainty of quantum theory and famously said:
“God does not play dice with the universe.”
The debate between Einstein and Bohr became one of the greatest intellectual battles in science.
Einstein saw the universe like a perfectly built clock, a giant machine, ticking in perfect rhythm, with every gear and second accounted for.
Bohr embraced the strange, unpredictable world of quantum mechanics, the same theory that powers our modern tech like semiconductors, lasers, and even the computer or phone.
So who was right?
After 100 years, science says Bohr was right.
At the tiny scale of atoms and particles, quantum mechanics is real. It works. It’s been tested over and over, and it keeps predicting things correctly. At this scale, things are random until we measure them. We don’t know exactly where a particle is or what it’s doing until we look only the probabilities.
But at the large scale, like planets, buildings, or people, we still use Einstein’s theories. General relativity explains gravity and the structure of space and time beautifully. This is not because quantum doesn’t apply in large, it is because with today’s science we do not know how to apply quantum concepts at large.
Now imagine you are God, building a universe…
You design an amusement park. The buildings, roller coasters, walkways need precision, planning, and control. That’s the large-scale universe run by general relativity theory clearly defined curvature of space time.
But when it comes to the smallest details like who buys cotton candy, who screams on the ride, or who walks where, things gets random. That’s fun. That’s where you as God play dice. It gives your park flavor. A little surprise. Make it looks more real.
It’s like Schrödinger’s cat. The cat in the box is both alive and dead until you open the box and look. That’s how particles behave or people inside your park. So if God does not constantly monitor people in the amusement park, they can do anything, but if God observes, he can say exactly what you do next.
At the smallest scales, God rolls the dice
Einstein designed this light box to show that he could measure the exact time a photon leaves and the exact energy it carries trying to prove the universe is predictable and doesn’t follow quantum uncertainty. But Bohr flipped it on him, using Einstein’s own theory of general relativity. He said that weighing the box affects time itself, making it impossible to know both time and energy perfectly. In the end, Bohr showed that even this clever setup can’t escape the rules of quantum physics. And years later, scientists confirmed it again the uncertainty principle holds strong, even under the sharpest tests.
Mohsin With E 
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